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Natural T cell immunity against cancer Nagorsen D; Scheibenbogen C; Marincola FM; Letsch A; Keilholz UClin Cancer Res 2003[Oct]; 9 (12): 4296-303It has long been a matter of debate whether tumors are spontaneously immunogenic in patients. With the availability of sensitive methods, naturally occurring T cells directed against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) can be frequently detected in cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the current data on T cell responses to TAAs in various malignancies, including melanoma, colorectal cancer, leukemia, and breast cancer. T cell responses against various antigens, including melanoma differentiation antigens, carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, her-2/neu, Wilms' tumor protein, proteinase 3, NY-ESO-1, and surviving, have been reported in a substantial number of patients. In contrast, other TAAs, including most antigens of the MAGE family, do not usually elicit spontaneous T cell responses. A distinction between direct ex vivo T cell responses and in vitro-generated T cell responses is provided because in vitro stimulation results in quantitative and functional changes of T cell responses. The possible role of TAA-specific T cells in immunosurveillance and tumor escape and the implications for immunological treatment strategies are discussed. Naturally occurring T cells against TAAs are a common phenomenon in tumor patients. Understanding the mechanisms and behavior of natural TAA-specific T cells could provide crucial information for rational development of more efficient T cell-directed immunotherapy.|Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology[MESH]|Antigens, Neoplasm/*immunology[MESH]|Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunity, Cellular[MESH]|Neoplasms/*immunology/pathology[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes/*immunology[MESH] |
