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Genetic epidemiology, genetic maps and positional cloning Morton NEPhilos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2003[Oct]; 358 (1438): 1701-8Genetic epidemiology developed in the middle of the last century, focused on inherited causes of disease but with methods and results applicable to other traits and even forensics. Early success with linkage led to the localization of genes contributing to disease, and ultimately to the Human Genome Project. The discovery of millions of DNA markers has encouraged more efficient positional cloning by linkage disequilibrium (LD), using LD maps and haplotypes in ways that are rapidly evolving. This has led to large international programmes, some promising and others alarming, with laws about DNA patenting and ethical guidelines for responsible research still struggling to be born.|*Chromosome Mapping[MESH]|Genetic Markers/genetics[MESH]|Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*epidemiology[MESH]|Genetic Research/*ethics/legislation & jurisprudence[MESH]|Genotype[MESH]|Haplotypes/genetics[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Linkage Disequilibrium/*genetics[MESH]|Research Subjects[MESH] |