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lüll Crosstalk between angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in tumor progression Scavelli C; Vacca A; Di Pietro G; Dammacco F; Ribatti DLeukemia 2004[Jun]; 18 (6): 1054-8Extensive studies have identified reliable markers of lymphatic endothelial cells, and mechanisms and molecules that regulate development and growth of the lymphatic vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D, and their cognate receptor tyrosine kinase, VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), are critical regulators of lymphangiogenesis. By binding to its endothelial cell surface receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, VEGF-A mediates vascular leakage, endothelial proliferation and migration. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is expressed at sites of blood vessel remodeling and invasion, and factors that induce angiogenesis in vivo, such as VEGF-A, upregulate Ang-2 in endothelial cells. In this review, we summarize the literature concerning the crosstalk between angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in tumor progression, that is, involvement of VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 in angiogenesis, and the role played by VEGF-A and Ang-2 in lymphangiogenesis, respectively.|Humans[MESH]|Lymphangiogenesis/*physiology[MESH]|Lymphatic Metastasis/*physiopathology[MESH]|Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology/*physiopathology[MESH]|Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors/*physiology[MESH] |