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Cytolethal distending toxin: creating a gap in the cell cycle Heywood W; Henderson B; Nair SPJ Med Microbiol 2005[Mar]; 54 (Pt 3): 207-216Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is a novel bacterial toxin that is produced by a variety of pathogenic bacteria. The mechanism of cytotoxicity of CDT is unique in that it enters into eukaryotic cells and breaks double-stranded DNA. This initiates the cell's own DNA damage-response mechanisms, resulting in the arrest of the cell cycle at the G2/M boundary. Affected cells enlarge until they finally undergo programmed cell death. This review encompasses recent work on CDT and focuses on the molecular mechanisms used by this toxin to block cell-cycle progression, the benefit to the bacterium of possession of this toxin and the clinical relevance of intoxication.|Animals[MESH]|Bacterial Infections/immunology/microbiology/pathology[MESH]|Bacterial Toxins/chemistry/metabolism/*toxicity[MESH]|Cell Cycle/*drug effects/genetics/physiology[MESH]|Cell Line[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Kinetics[MESH] |