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Survival in hostile environments: strategies of renal medullary cells Neuhofer W; Beck FXPhysiology (Bethesda) 2006[Jun]; 21 (ä): 171-80Cells in the renal medulla exist in a hostile milieu characterized by wide variations in extracellular solute concentrations, low oxygen tensions, and abundant reactive oxygen species. This article reviews the strategies adopted by these cells to allow them to survive and fulfill their functions under these extreme conditions.|Animals[MESH]|Cell Survival/physiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Hypoxia/physiopathology[MESH]|Kidney Medulla/*cytology/*physiology/physiopathology[MESH]|Oxidative Stress/*physiology[MESH]|Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism[MESH]|Renal Circulation/physiology[MESH]|Water-Electrolyte Balance/physiology[MESH] |
