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Diverse functions of RNase L and implications in pathology Bisbal C; Silverman RHBiochimie 2007[Jun]; 89 (6-7): 789-98The endoribonuclease L (RNase L) is the effector of the 2-5A system, a major enzymatic pathway involved in the molecular mechanism of interferons (IFNs). RNase L is a very unusual nuclease with a complex mechanism of regulation. It is a latent enzyme, expressed in nearly every mammalian cell type. Its activation requires its binding to a small oligonucleotide, 2-5A. 2-5A is a series of unique 5'-triphosphorylated oligoadenylates with 2'-5' phosphodiester bonds. By regulating viral and cellular RNA expression, RNase L plays an important role in the antiviral and antiproliferative activities of IFN and contributes to innate immunity and cell metabolism. The 2-5A/RNase L pathway is implicated in mediating apoptosis in response to viral infections and to several types of external stimuli. Several recent studies have suggested that RNase L could have a role in cancer biology and evidence of a tumor suppressor function of RNase L has emerged from studies on the genetics of hereditary prostate cancer.|*Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic[MESH]|*Gene Expression Regulation, Viral[MESH]|Apoptosis[MESH]|Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism[MESH]|Endoribonucleases/*metabolism/*physiology[MESH]|Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Models, Biological[MESH]|Models, Chemical[MESH]|Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism[MESH]|Protein Structure, Tertiary[MESH]|RNA/metabolism[MESH] |
