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The association between gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and asthma: a systematic review Havemann BD; Henderson CA; El-Serag HBGut 2007[Dec]; 56 (12): 1654-64BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) has been linked to a number of extra-esophageal symptoms and disorders, primarily in the respiratory tract. This systematic review aimed to provide an estimate of the strength and direction of the association between GORD and asthma. METHODS: Studies that assessed the prevalence or incidence of GORD in individuals with asthma, or of asthma in individuals with GORD, were identified in Medline and EMBASE via a systematic search strategy. RESULTS: Twenty-eight studies met the selection criteria. The sample size weighted average prevalence of GORD symptoms in asthma patients was 59.2%, whereas in controls it was 38.1%. In patients with asthma, the average prevalence of abnormal oesophageal pH, oesophagitis and hiatal hernia was 50.9%, 37.3% and 51.2%, respectively. The average prevalence of asthma in individuals with GORD was 4.6%, whereas in controls it was 3.9%. Pooling the odds ratios gave an overall ratio of 5.5 (95% CI 1.9-15.8) for studies reporting the prevalence of GORD symptoms in individuals with asthma, and 2.3 (95% CI 1.8-2.8) for those studies measuring the prevalence of asthma in GORD. One longitudinal study showed a significant association between a diagnosis of asthma and a subsequent diagnosis of GORD (relative risk 1.5; 95% CI 1.2-1.8), whereas the two studies that assessed whether GORD precedes asthma gave inconsistent results. The severity-response relationship was examined in only nine studies, with inconsistent findings. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review indicates that there is a significant association between GORD and asthma, but a paucity of data on the direction of causality.|Asthma/epidemiology/*etiology[MESH]|Gastroesophageal Reflux/*complications/diagnosis/epidemiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Hydrogen-Ion Concentration[MESH]|Monitoring, Physiologic[MESH]|Prevalence[MESH]|Severity of Illness Index[MESH] |
