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The Piwi-piRNA pathway provides an adaptive defense in the transposon arms race Aravin AA; Hannon GJ; Brennecke JScience 2007[Nov]; 318 (5851): 761-4Increasingly complex networks of small RNAs act through RNA-interference (RNAi) pathways to regulate gene expression, to mediate antiviral responses, to organize chromosomal domains, and to restrain the spread of selfish genetic elements. Historically, RNAi has been defined as a response to double-stranded RNA. However, some small RNA species may not arise from double-stranded RNA precursors. Yet, like microRNAs and small interfering RNAs, such species guide Argonaute proteins to silencing targets through complementary base-pairing. Silencing can be achieved by corecruitment of accessory factors or through the activity of Argonaute itself, which often has endonucleolytic activity. As a specific and adaptive regulatory system, RNAi is used throughout eukarya, which indicates a long evolutionary history. A likely function of RNAi throughout that history is to protect the genome from both pathogenic and parasitic invaders.|*Adaptation, Biological[MESH]|*DNA Transposable Elements[MESH]|*RNA, Small Interfering[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Argonaute Proteins[MESH]|Base Sequence[MESH]|Drosophila Proteins[MESH]|Evolution, Molecular[MESH]|Gene Silencing[MESH]|Molecular Sequence Data[MESH]|Proteins/genetics/physiology[MESH]|RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology[MESH]|RNA-Induced Silencing Complex[MESH] |
