Warning: Undefined variable $zfal in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Deprecated: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 530
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 531
 
English Wikipedia
Nephropedia Template TP (
Twit Text
DeepDyve
Pubget Overpricing |  
lüll
Autophagy in CD4+ T-cell immunity and tolerance Lunemann JD; Munz CCell Death Differ 2009[Jan]; 16 (1): 79-86Autophagy is a homeostatic process that enables eukaryotic cells to deliver cytoplasmic constituents for lysosomal degradation, to recycle nutrients and to survive during starvation. In addition to these primordial functions, autophagy has emerged as a key mechanism in orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses to intracellular pathogens. Autophagy restricts viral infections as well as replication of intracellular bacteria and parasites and delivers pathogenic determinants for TLR stimulation and for MHC class II presentation to the adaptive immune system. Apart from its role in defense against pathogens, autophagy-mediated presentation of self-antigens in the steady state could have a crucial role in the induction and maintenance of CD4(+) T-cell tolerance. This review describes the mechanisms by which the immune system utilizes autophagic degradation of cytoplasmic material to regulate adaptive immune responses.|*Antigen Presentation[MESH]|*Immune Tolerance[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Autoantigens/*immunology[MESH]|Autophagy/*immunology[MESH]|Bacteria/immunology[MESH]|Bacterial Infections/immunology[MESH]|CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunity, Cellular[MESH]|Immunity, Innate[MESH]|Lysosomes/immunology[MESH]|Starvation/immunology[MESH]|Virus Diseases/immunology[MESH]|Viruses/immunology[MESH] |
