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Memory T cells need CD28 costimulation to remember Boesteanu AC; Katsikis PDSemin Immunol 2009[Apr]; 21 (2): 69-77The activation and expansion of naive T cells require costimulatory signals provided by CD28 and TNF family members. In contrast, for many years it was believed that memory T cells do not require CD28 costimulation for expansion during secondary responses. This was based on in vitro experiments that suggested the re-activation of memory T cells is somewhat independent of costimulation. Recent in vivo evidence, however, has challenged this and shown that both CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells require CD28 costimulation for maximal expansion and pathogen clearance. This requirement has important implications for host immunity, vaccine development and immunotherapeutics.|*Immunologic Memory[MESH]|Aging/immunology[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Autoimmune Diseases/immunology[MESH]|CD28 Antigens/immunology/*metabolism[MESH]|Cell Differentiation[MESH]|Graft Rejection/immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Infections/immunology[MESH]|Lymphocyte Activation/immunology[MESH]|Neoplasms/*immunology/pathology[MESH]|Receptor Cross-Talk/immunology[MESH]|Signal Transduction/immunology[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology/*metabolism[MESH]|Tumor Necrosis Factors/*immunology[MESH] |
