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Siderophores of Marinobacter aquaeolei: petrobactin and its sulfonated derivatives Homann VV; Edwards KJ; Webb EA; Butler ABiometals 2009[Aug]; 22 (4): 565-71Siderophores are low molecular weight, high-affinity iron(III) ligands, produced by bacteria to solubilize and promote iron uptake under low iron conditions. Two prominent structural features characterize the majority of the marine siderophores discovered so far: (1) a predominance of suites of amphiphilic siderophores composed of an iron(III)-binding headgroup that is appended by one or two of a series of fatty acids and (2) a prevalence of siderophores that contain alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid moieties (e.g., beta-hydroxyaspartic acid or citric acid) which are photoreactive when coordinated to Fe(III). Variation of the fatty acid chain length affects the relative amphiphilicity within a suite of siderophores. Catecholate sulfonation is another structural variation that would affect the hydrophilicity of a siderophore. In addition to a review of the marine amphiphilic siderophores, we report the production of petrobactin disulfonate by Marinobacter aquaeolei VT8.|Benzamides/*chemistry[MESH]|Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy[MESH]|Marinobacter/*metabolism[MESH]|Molecular Structure[MESH]|Siderophores/*chemistry[MESH]|Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization[MESH] |