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lüll Advances in the biology and chemistry of sialic acids Chen X; Varki AACS Chem Biol 2010[Feb]; 5 (2): 163-76Sialic acids are a subset of nonulosonic acids, which are nine-carbon alpha-keto aldonic acids. Natural existing sialic acid-containing structures are presented in different sialic acid forms, various sialyl linkages, and on diverse underlying glycans. They play important roles in biological, pathological, and immunological processes. Sialobiology has been a challenging and yet attractive research area. Recent advances in chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis, as well as large-scale E. coli cell-based production, have provided a large library of sialoside standards and derivatives in amounts sufficient for structure-activity relationship studies. Sialoglycan microarrays provide an efficient platform for quick identification of preferred ligands for sialic acid-binding proteins. Future research on sialic acid will continue to be at the interface of chemistry and biology. Research efforts not only will lead to a better understanding of the biological and pathological importance of sialic acids and their diversity but also could lead to the development of therapeutics.|*Sialic Acids/biosynthesis/chemical synthesis/chemistry[MESH]|Bacteria/enzymology[MESH]|Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques[MESH]|Genetic Engineering[MESH]|Microarray Analysis[MESH]|Neuraminidase/chemistry[MESH]|Polysaccharides, Bacterial/chemistry[MESH]|Polysaccharides/*chemistry[MESH]|Sialyltransferases/chemistry[MESH] |