Warning: Undefined variable $zfal in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Deprecated: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 530
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 531
Warning: file_get_contents(http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=20357430&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 445
 
English Wikipedia
Nephropedia Template TP (
Twit Text
DeepDyve
Pubget Overpricing |  
l�ll
C-peptide as a therapeutic tool in diabetic nephropathy Hills CE; Brunskill NJ; Squires PEAm J Nephrol 2010[]; 31 (5): 389-97BACKGROUND/AIMS: Insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone with an interconnecting C-peptide, cleaved during post-translational modification. This review discusses growing evidence which indicates that C-peptide is biologically active, benefiting microvascular complications associated with diabetes. METHODS: To explore the renoprotective role of C-peptide in diabetic nephropathy (DN), we reviewed the literature using PubMed for English language articles that contained key words related to C-peptide, kidney and DN. RESULTS: Numerous studies have demonstrated that C-peptide ameliorates a number of the structural and functional renal disturbances associated with uncontrolled hyperglycaemia in human and animal models of type 1 diabetes mellitus that lead to the development and progression of nephropathy, including abrogation of glomerular hyperfiltration, reduced microalbuminuria, decreased mesangial expansion and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels. The in vitro exposure of kidney proximal tubular cells to physiological concentrations of C-peptide activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase C, elevates intracellular calcium, and stimulates transcription factors NF-kappaB and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. CONCLUSION: Burgeoning studies suggest that C-peptide is more than merely a link between the A and B chains of the proinsulin molecule and represents a future therapeutic tool in reducing complications of DN.|Animals[MESH]|C-Peptide/*therapeutic use[MESH]|Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*blood/therapy[MESH]|Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*blood/therapy[MESH]|Diabetic Nephropathies/*drug therapy[MESH]|Disease Progression[MESH]|Fibrosis/pathology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Hyperglycemia/blood/therapy[MESH]|Models, Biological[MESH]|NF-kappa B/metabolism[MESH]|Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism[MESH]|Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism[MESH]|Protein Kinase C/metabolism[MESH]|Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*metabolism[MESH] |