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Non-canonical DNA transcription enzymes and the conservation of two-barrel RNA polymerases Ruprich-Robert G; Thuriaux PNucleic Acids Res 2010[Aug]; 38 (14): 4559-69DNA transcription depends on multimeric RNA polymerases that are exceptionally conserved in all cellular organisms, with an active site region of >500 amino acids mainly harboured by their Rpb1 and Rpb2 subunits. Together with the distantly related eukaryotic RNA-dependent polymerases involved in gene silencing, they form a monophyletic family of ribonucleotide polymerases with a similarly organized active site region based on two double-Psi barrels. Recent viral and phage genome sequencing have added a surprising variety of putative nucleotide polymerases to this protein family. These proteins have highly divergent subunit composition and amino acid sequences, but always contain eight invariant amino acids forming a universally conserved catalytic site shared by all members of the two-barrel protein family. Moreover, the highly conserved 'funnel' and 'switch 2' components of the active site region are shared by all putative DNA-dependent RNA polymerases and may thus determine their capacity to transcribe double-stranded DNA templates.|Amino Acid Sequence[MESH]|Bacterial Proteins/chemistry[MESH]|Bacteriophages/enzymology[MESH]|Catalytic Domain[MESH]|Conserved Sequence[MESH]|DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*chemistry/metabolism[MESH]|Insect Viruses/enzymology[MESH]|Transcription, Genetic[MESH]|Viral Proteins/chemistry[MESH]|Yeasts/enzymology[MESH] |
