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Mimics without models: causes and consequences of allopatry in Batesian mimicry complexes Pfennig DW; Mullen SPProc Biol Sci 2010[Sep]; 277 (1694): 2577-85Batesian mimicry evolves when a palatable species (the 'mimic') co-opts a warning signal from a dangerous species (the 'model') and thereby deceives its potential predators. Longstanding theory predicts that this protection from predation should break down where the model is absent. Thus, mimics are expected to only co-occur with their model. Yet, many mimics violate this prediction and occur in areas where their model is absent. Here, we discuss the causes and consequences of such allopatric mimics. We also describe how these 'rule-bending' mimics provide critical insights into diverse topics ranging from how Batesian mimicry evolves to its possible role in speciation.|*Biological Evolution[MESH]|*Phenotype[MESH]|*Selection, Genetic[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Gene Flow[MESH]|Geography[MESH]|Population Dynamics[MESH]|Predatory Behavior[MESH]|Species Specificity[MESH] |
