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l�ll Malignancies confined to disused arteriovenous fistulae in renal transplant patients: an important differential diagnosis Webster P; Wujanto L; Fisher C; Walker M; Ramakrishnan R; Naresh K; Thomas JM; Papalois V; Crane J; Taube D; Duncan NAm J Nephrol 2011[]; 34 (1): 42-8BACKGROUND: Swelling in an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is commonly caused by thrombosis, aneurysm and infection. However, due to the increased risk of malignancy after transplantation, this should also be considered. PATIENTS: We discuss 4 patients with malignancy confined to an AVF after renal transplantation presenting in a 2-year period. Angiosarcoma was diagnosed in 3 patients and the other had post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Angiosarcoma behaves aggressively and 2 of our patients died within 6 months of diagnosis. There are 6 previous cases and 5 died within 16 months of diagnosis. PTLD at AVFs has not been documented previously. CONCLUSION: Malignancy at an AVF is a rare but important differential that can impact significantly on patient morbidity and mortality. Predilection for malignancy at an AVF is not understood. We review the literature and discuss possible aetiologies.|*Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical[MESH]|Adult[MESH]|Diagnosis, Differential[MESH]|Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Hemangiosarcoma/*diagnosis/etiology/pathology/therapy[MESH]|Herpesvirus 4, Human[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunosuppressive Agents/*adverse effects[MESH]|Kidney Transplantation/*adverse effects[MESH]|Lymphoproliferative Disorders/*diagnosis/pathology/therapy/virology[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Middle Aged[MESH]|Skin Neoplasms/*diagnosis/etiology/pathology/therapy[MESH] |