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S-nitrosothiols and the S-nitrosoproteome of the cardiovascular system Maron BA; Tang SS; Loscalzo JAntioxid Redox Signal 2013[Jan]; 18 (3): 270-87SIGNIFICANCE: Since their discovery in the early 1990's, S-nitrosylated proteins have been increasingly recognized as important determinants of many biochemical processes. Specifically, S-nitrosothiols in the cardiovascular system exert many actions, including promoting vasodilation, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and regulating Ca(2+) channel function that influences myocyte contractility and electrophysiologic stability. RECENT ADVANCES: Contemporary developments in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods, the development of biotin- and His-tag switch assays, and the availability of cyanide dye-labeling for S-nitrosothiol detection in vitro have increased significantly the identification of a number of cardiovascular protein targets of S-nitrosylation in vivo. CRITICAL ISSUES: Recent analyses using modern S-nitrosothiol detection techniques have revealed the mechanistic significance of S-nitrosylation to the pathophysiology of numerous cardiovascular diseases, including essential hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and congestive heart failure, among others. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Despite enhanced insight into S-nitrosothiol biochemistry, translating these advances into beneficial pharmacotherapies for patients with cardiovascular diseases remains a primary as-yet unmet goal for investigators within the field.|Animals[MESH]|Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism/physiopathology[MESH]|Cardiovascular System/*metabolism/physiopathology[MESH]|Cysteine/metabolism[MESH]|Glutathione/metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Nitric Oxide/metabolism/physiology[MESH]|Nitrosation[MESH]|Oxidation-Reduction[MESH]|Protein Processing, Post-Translational[MESH]|Proteome/*metabolism[MESH]|S-Nitrosothiols/*metabolism[MESH] |
