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Morphologies of synaptic protein membrane fusion interfaces #MMPMID28739947
Gipson P; Fukuda Y; Danev R; Lai Y; Chen DH; Baumeister W; Brunger AT
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017[Aug]; 114 (34): 9110-5 PMID28739947show ga
Neurotransmitter release occurs upon fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane, and it is orchestrated by synaptic proteins, including SNAREs, synaptotagmin, complexin, and other factors. The system is exquisitely fine-tuned to increase the probability of membrane fusion by orders of magnitude upon Ca2+ binding to a Ca2+ sensor, such as synaptotagmin. Although crystal structures are available for some of the key complexes of soluble fragments of synaptic proteins, and the process has been reconstituted, the association of these complexes with the synaptic and plasma membranes remains unclear. We visualized functionally active synaptic proteins reconstituted into proteoliposomes and their interactions in a native membrane environment by electron cryotomography with a Volta phase plate for improved resolvability.