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New Concepts in Diabetic Embryopathy #MMPMID23702113
Zhao Z; Reece EA
Clin Lab Med 2013[Jun]; 33 (2): 207-33 PMID23702113show ga
Diabetes mellitus is responsible for nearly 10% of fetal anomalies in diabetic pregnancies. Although aggressive perinatal care and glycemic control are available in developed countries, the birth defect rate in diabetic pregnancies remains much higher than that in the general population. Major cellular activities--i.e., proliferation and apoptosis--and intracellular metabolic conditions--i.e., nitrosative, oxidative, and endoplasmic reticulum stress--have been demonstrated to be associated with diabetic embryopathy using animal models. Translating advances made in animal studies into clinical applications in humans will require collaborative efforts across the basic research, preclinical, and clinical communities.