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10.1186/s12874-018-0534-6 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1186/s12874-018-0534-6 C6035409!6035409!29980181     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\29980181.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       BMC+Med+Res+Methodol 2018 ; 18 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=29980181|t=2018. The ?RCT augmentation?: a novel simulation method to add patient heterogeneity into phase III trials |pdf=|usr=}}{{29980181}} gab.com Text The RCT augmentation : a novel simulation method to add patient heterogeneity into phase III trials JO: BMC Med Res Methodol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29980181 #FOAvip Background: Phase III randomized controlled trials (RCT) typically exclude certain patient subgroups, thereby potentially jeopardizing estimation of a drug?s effects when prescribed to wider populations and under routine care (?effectiveness?). Conversely, enrolling heterogeneous populations in RCTs can increase endpoint variability and compromise detection of a drug?s effect. We developed the ?RCT augmentation? method to quantitatively support RCT design in the identification of exclusion criteria to relax to address both of these considerations. In the present manuscript, we describe the method and a case study in schizophrenia. Methods: We applied typical RCT exclusion criteria in a real-world dataset (cohort) of schizophrenia patients to define the ?RCT population? subgroup, and assessed the impact of re-including each of the following patient subgroups: (1) illness duration 1?3 years; (2) suicide attempt; (3) alcohol abuse; (4) substance abuse; and (5) private practice management. Predictive models were built using data from different ?augmented RCT populations? (i.e., subgroups where patients with one or two of such characteristics were re-included) to estimate the absolute effectiveness of the two most prevalent antipsychotics against real-world results from the entire cohort. Concurrently, the impact on RCT results of relaxing exclusion criteria was evaluated by calculating the comparative efficacy of those two antipsychotics in virtual RCTs drawing on different ?augmented RCT populations?. Results: Data from the ?RCT population?, which was defined with typical exclusion criteria, allowed for a prediction of effectiveness with a bias <?2% and mean squared error (MSE)?=?5.8?6.8%. Compared to this typical RCT, RCTs using augmented populations provided improved effectiveness predictions (bias <?2%, MSE?=?5.3?6.7%), while returning more variable comparative effects. The impact of augmentation depended on the exclusion criterion relaxed. Furthermore, half of the benefit of relaxing each criterion was gained from re-including the first 10?20% of patients with the corresponding real-world characteristic. Conclusions: Simulating the inclusion of real-world subpopulations into an RCT before running it allows for quantification of the impact of each re-inclusion upon effect detection (statistical power) and generalizability of trial results, thereby explicating this trade-off and enabling a controlled increase in population heterogeneity in the RCT design. Electronic supplementary material: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12874-018-0534-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Twit Text FOAVip The RCT augmentation : a novel simulation method to add patient heterogeneity into phase III trials ????BMC Med Res Methodol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29980181 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29980181 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|29980181}}</ref> The ?RCT augmentation?: a novel simulation method to add patient heterogeneity into phase III trials #MMPMID29980181 Karcher H; Fu S; Meng J; Ankarfeldt MZ; Efthimiou O; Belger M; Haro JM; Abenhaim L; Nordon C BMC Med Res Methodol 2018[]; 18 (ä): ä PMID29980181show ga Background: Phase III randomized controlled trials (RCT) typically exclude certain patient subgroups, thereby potentially jeopardizing estimation of a drug?s effects when prescribed to wider populations and under routine care (?effectiveness?). Conversely, enrolling heterogeneous populations in RCTs can increase endpoint variability and compromise detection of a drug?s effect. We developed the ?RCT augmentation? method to quantitatively support RCT design in the identification of exclusion criteria to relax to address both of these considerations. In the present manuscript, we describe the method and a case study in schizophrenia. Methods: We applied typical RCT exclusion criteria in a real-world dataset (cohort) of schizophrenia patients to define the ?RCT population? subgroup, and assessed the impact of re-including each of the following patient subgroups: (1) illness duration 1?3 years; (2) suicide attempt; (3) alcohol abuse; (4) substance abuse; and (5) private practice management. Predictive models were built using data from different ?augmented RCT populations? (i.e., subgroups where patients with one or two of such characteristics were re-included) to estimate the absolute effectiveness of the two most prevalent antipsychotics against real-world results from the entire cohort. Concurrently, the impact on RCT results of relaxing exclusion criteria was evaluated by calculating the comparative efficacy of those two antipsychotics in virtual RCTs drawing on different ?augmented RCT populations?. Results: Data from the ?RCT population?, which was defined with typical exclusion criteria, allowed for a prediction of effectiveness with a bias äThe ?RCT augmentation?: a novel simulation method to add patient heter(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing