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10.1146/annurev-biophys-083012-130412 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1146/annurev-biophys-083012-130412 C5515228!5515228!23541162     free     free     free Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\23541162.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       Annu+Rev+Biophys 2013 ; 42 (ä): 583-604 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=23541162|t=2013. Torque Measurement at the Single Molecule Level |pdf=|usr=}}{{23541162}} gab.com Text Torque Measurement at the Single Molecule Level JO: Annu Rev Biophys http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=23541162 #FOAvip Methods for exerting and measuring forces on single molecules have revolutionized the study of the physics of biology. However, it is often the case that biological processes involve rotation or torque generation, and these parameters have been more difficult to access experimentally. Recent advances in the single molecule field have led to the development of techniques which add the capability of torque measurement. By combining force, displacement, torque, and rotational data, a more comprehensive description of the mechanics of a biomolecule can be achieved. In this review, we highlight a number of biological processes for which torque plays a key mechanical role. We describe the various techniques that have been developed to directly probe the torque experienced by a single molecule, and detail a variety of measurements made to date using these new technologies. We conclude by discussing a number of open questions and propose systems of study which would be well suited for analysis with torsional measurement techniques. Twit Text FOAVip Torque Measurement at the Single Molecule Level ????Annu Rev Biophys http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=23541162 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=23541162 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|23541162}}</ref> Torque Measurement at the Single Molecule Level #MMPMID23541162 Forth S; Sheinin MY; Inman J; Wang MD Annu Rev Biophys 2013[]; 42 (ä): 583-604 PMID23541162show ga Methods for exerting and measuring forces on single molecules have revolutionized the study of the physics of biology. However, it is often the case that biological processes involve rotation or torque generation, and these parameters have been more difficult to access experimentally. Recent advances in the single molecule field have led to the development of techniques which add the capability of torque measurement. By combining force, displacement, torque, and rotational data, a more comprehensive description of the mechanics of a biomolecule can be achieved. In this review, we highlight a number of biological processes for which torque plays a key mechanical role. We describe the various techniques that have been developed to directly probe the torque experienced by a single molecule, and detail a variety of measurements made to date using these new technologies. We conclude by discussing a number of open questions and propose systems of study which would be well suited for analysis with torsional measurement techniques. äTorque Measurement at the Single Molecule Level (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing