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10.1007/s11011-013-9435-x http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1007/s11011-013-9435-x 24557875!ä!24557875 Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=24557875&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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Mitochondrial dysfunctions in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome explained by activated immuno-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways |pdf=|usr=}}{{24557875}} gab.com Text Mitochondrial dysfunctions in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome explained by activated immuno-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways JO: Metab Brain Dis http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24557875 #FOAvip Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/cfs) is classified by the World Health Organization as a disorder of the central nervous system. ME/cfs is an neuro-immune disorder accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation, increased levels of oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), O&NS-mediated damage to fatty acids, DNA and proteins, autoimmune reactions directed against neoantigens and brain disorders. Mitochondrial dysfunctions have been found in ME/cfs, e.g. lowered ATP production, impaired oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial damage. This paper reviews the pathways that may explain mitochondrial dysfunctions in ME/cfs. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and elastase, and increased O&NS may inhibit mitochondrial respiration, decrease the activities of the electron transport chain and mitochondrial membrane potential, increase mitochondrial membrane permeability, interfere with ATP production and cause mitochondrial shutdown. The activated O&NS pathways may additionally lead to damage of mitochondrial DNA and membranes thus decreasing membrane fluidity. Lowered levels of antioxidants, zinc and coenzyme Q10, and omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in ME/cfs may further aggravate the activated immuno-inflammatory and O&NS pathways. Therefore, it may be concluded that immuno-inflammatory and O&NS pathways may play a role in the mitochondrial dysfunctions and consequently the bioenergetic abnormalities seen in patients with ME/cfs. Defects in ATP production and the electron transport complex, in turn, are associated with an elevated production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in mitochondria creating adaptive and synergistic damage. It is argued that mitochondrial dysfunctions, e.g. lowered ATP production, may play a role in the onset of ME/cfs symptoms, e.g. fatigue and post exertional malaise, and may explain in part the central metabolic abnormalities observed in ME/cfs, e.g. glucose hypometabolism and cerebral hypoperfusion. Twit Text FOAVip Mitochondrial dysfunctions in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome explained by activated immuno-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways ????Metab Brain Dis http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24557875 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24557875 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|24557875}}</ref> Mitochondrial dysfunctions in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome explained by activated immuno-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways #MMPMID24557875 Morris G; Maes M Metab Brain Dis 2014[Mar]; 29 (1): 19-36 PMID24557875show ga Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/cfs) is classified by the World Health Organization as a disorder of the central nervous system. ME/cfs is an neuro-immune disorder accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation, increased levels of oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), O&NS-mediated damage to fatty acids, DNA and proteins, autoimmune reactions directed against neoantigens and brain disorders. Mitochondrial dysfunctions have been found in ME/cfs, e.g. lowered ATP production, impaired oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial damage. This paper reviews the pathways that may explain mitochondrial dysfunctions in ME/cfs. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and elastase, and increased O&NS may inhibit mitochondrial respiration, decrease the activities of the electron transport chain and mitochondrial membrane potential, increase mitochondrial membrane permeability, interfere with ATP production and cause mitochondrial shutdown. The activated O&NS pathways may additionally lead to damage of mitochondrial DNA and membranes thus decreasing membrane fluidity. Lowered levels of antioxidants, zinc and coenzyme Q10, and omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in ME/cfs may further aggravate the activated immuno-inflammatory and O&NS pathways. Therefore, it may be concluded that immuno-inflammatory and O&NS pathways may play a role in the mitochondrial dysfunctions and consequently the bioenergetic abnormalities seen in patients with ME/cfs. Defects in ATP production and the electron transport complex, in turn, are associated with an elevated production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in mitochondria creating adaptive and synergistic damage. It is argued that mitochondrial dysfunctions, e.g. lowered ATP production, may play a role in the onset of ME/cfs symptoms, e.g. fatigue and post exertional malaise, and may explain in part the central metabolic abnormalities observed in ME/cfs, e.g. glucose hypometabolism and cerebral hypoperfusion. |Adenosine Triphosphate/biosynthesis[MESH] |Antioxidants/metabolism/therapeutic use[MESH] |Biomarkers[MESH] |Brain/metabolism[MESH] |Cytokines/physiology[MESH] |Energy Metabolism[MESH] |Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/drug therapy/immunology/*metabolism[MESH] |Glucose/metabolism[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Inflammation[MESH] |Magnesium/therapeutic use[MESH] |Mitochondria, Muscle/physiology[MESH] |Mitochondria/drug effects/*physiology[MESH] |Mitochondrial Diseases/metabolism[MESH] |NF-kappa B/metabolism[MESH] |Neuroimaging[MESH] |Neuroimmunomodulation[MESH] |Oxidation-Reduction[MESH] |Oxidative Phosphorylation[MESH] |Oxidative Stress[MESH] |Phenotype[MESH] |Reactive Nitrogen Species/metabolism[MESH] |Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism[MESH] |Ubiquinone/metabolism[MESH]Mitochondrial dysfunctions in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigu(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing