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10.1093/infdis/jiy732 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1093/infdis/jiy732 30576502!ä!30576502 Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=30576502&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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Pregnancy Induces a Steady-State Shift in Alveolar Macrophage M1/M2 Phenotype That Is Associated With a Heightened Severity of Influenza Virus Infection: Mechanistic Insight Using Mouse Models |pdf=|usr=}}{{30576502}} gab.com Text Pregnancy Induces a Steady-State Shift in Alveolar Macrophage M1/M2 Phenotype That Is Associated With a Heightened Severity of Influenza Virus Infection: Mechanistic Insight Using Mouse Models JO: J Infect Dis http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30576502 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: Influenza virus infection during pregnancy is associated with enhanced disease severity. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. We hypothesized that normal alveolar macrophage (AM) functions, which are central to maintaining lung immune homeostasis, are altered during pregnancy and that this dysregulation contributes to the increased inflammatory response to influenza virus infection. METHODS: Time-mated BALB/c mice were infected with a low dose of H1N1 influenza A virus at gestation day 9.5. Inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Our findings confirm previous reports of increased severity of influenza virus infection in pregnant mice. The heightened inflammatory response detected in BAL fluid from infected pregnant mice was characterized by neutrophil-rich inflammation with concomitantly reduced numbers of AM, which were slower to return to baseline counts, compared with nonpregnant infected mice. The increased infection severity and inflammatory responses to influenza during pregnancy were associated with a pregnancy-induced shift in AM phenotype at homeostatic baseline, from the M1 (ie, classical activation) state toward the M2 (ie, alternative activation) state, as evidence by increased expression of CD301 and reduced levels of CCR7. CONCLUSION: These results show that pregnancy is associated with an alternatively activated phenotype of AM before infection, which may contribute to heightened disease severity. Twit Text FOAVip Pregnancy Induces a Steady-State Shift in Alveolar Macrophage M1/M2 Phenotype That Is Associated With a Heightened Severity of Influenza Virus Infection: Mechanistic Insight Using Mouse Models ????J Infect Dis http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30576502 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30576502 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|30576502}}</ref> Pregnancy Induces a Steady-State Shift in Alveolar Macrophage M1/M2 Phenotype That Is Associated With a Heightened Severity of Influenza Virus Infection: Mechanistic Insight Using Mouse Models #MMPMID30576502 Lauzon-Joset JF; Scott NM; Mincham KT; Stumbles PA; Holt PG; Strickland DH J Infect Dis 2019[May]; 219 (11): 1823-1831 PMID30576502show ga BACKGROUND: Influenza virus infection during pregnancy is associated with enhanced disease severity. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. We hypothesized that normal alveolar macrophage (AM) functions, which are central to maintaining lung immune homeostasis, are altered during pregnancy and that this dysregulation contributes to the increased inflammatory response to influenza virus infection. METHODS: Time-mated BALB/c mice were infected with a low dose of H1N1 influenza A virus at gestation day 9.5. Inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Our findings confirm previous reports of increased severity of influenza virus infection in pregnant mice. The heightened inflammatory response detected in BAL fluid from infected pregnant mice was characterized by neutrophil-rich inflammation with concomitantly reduced numbers of AM, which were slower to return to baseline counts, compared with nonpregnant infected mice. The increased infection severity and inflammatory responses to influenza during pregnancy were associated with a pregnancy-induced shift in AM phenotype at homeostatic baseline, from the M1 (ie, classical activation) state toward the M2 (ie, alternative activation) state, as evidence by increased expression of CD301 and reduced levels of CCR7. CONCLUSION: These results show that pregnancy is associated with an alternatively activated phenotype of AM before infection, which may contribute to heightened disease severity. |Animals[MESH] |Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/virology[MESH] |Disease Models, Animal[MESH] |Female[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*immunology[MESH] |Influenza, Human/immunology/*virology[MESH] |Lung/immunology/virology[MESH] |Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology/virology[MESH] |Male[MESH] |Mice[MESH] |Mice, Inbred BALB C[MESH] |Phenotype[MESH]Pregnancy Induces a Steady-State Shift in Alveolar Macrophage M1/M2 Ph(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing