
| 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.05.003
http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.05.003
 32419766!7224670!32419766
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Ann+Epidemiol 2020 ; 47 (�): 37-44 Nephropedia Template TP
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Assessing differential impacts of COVID-19 on black communities #MMPMID32419766Millett GA; Jones AT; Benkeser D; Baral S; Mercer L; Beyrer C; Honermann B; Lankiewicz E; Mena L; Crowley JS; Sherwood J; Sullivan PSAnn Epidemiol 2020[Jul]; 47 (�): 37-44 PMID32419766show ga
PURPOSE: Given incomplete data reporting by race, we used data on COVID-19 cases and deaths in U.S. counties to describe racial disparities in COVID-19 disease and death and associated determinants. METHODS: Using publicly available data (accessed April 13, 2020), predictors of COVID-19 cases and deaths were compared between disproportionately (>/=13%) black and all other (<13% black) counties. Rate ratios were calculated, and population attributable fractions were estimated using COVID-19 cases and deaths via zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. National maps with county-level data and an interactive scatterplot of COVID-19 cases were generated. RESULTS: Nearly 90% of disproportionately black counties (656/677) reported a case and 49% (330/677) reported a death versus 81% (1987/2465) and 28% (684/2465), respectively, for all other counties. Counties with higher proportions of black people have higher prevalence of comorbidities and greater air pollution. Counties with higher proportions of black residents had more COVID-19 diagnoses (Rate Ratio (RR): 1.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.17-1.33) and deaths (RR: 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.40), after adjusting for county-level characteristics such as age, poverty, comorbidities, and epidemic duration. COVID-19 deaths were higher in disproportionally black rural and small metro counties. The population attributable fraction of COVID-19 diagnosis due to lack of health insurance was 3.3% for counties with less than 13% black residents and 4.2% for counties with greater than or equal to 13% black residents. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly 20% of U.S. counties are disproportionately black, and they accounted for 52% of COVID-19 diagnoses and 58% of COVID-19 deaths nationally. County-level comparisons can both inform COVID-19 responses and identify epidemic hot spots. Social conditions, structural racism, and other factors elevate risk for COVID-19 diagnoses and deaths in black communities.|*Coronavirus[MESH]|*Health Status Disparities[MESH]|Betacoronavirus[MESH]|Black or African American/*statistics & numerical data[MESH]|COVID-19[MESH]|Coronavirus Infections/ethnology/*mortality[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Pandemics[MESH]|Pneumonia, Viral/ethnology/*mortality[MESH]|Rural Population[MESH]
  
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