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Correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques #MMPMID33276369
McMahan K; Yu J; Mercado NB; Loos C; Tostanoski LH; Chandrashekar A; Liu J; Peter L; Atyeo C; Zhu A; Bondzie EA; Dagotto G; Gebre MS; Jacob-Dolan C; Li Z; Nampanya F; Patel S; Pessaint L; Van Ry A; Blade K; Yalley-Ogunro J; Cabus M; Brown R; Cook A; Teow E; Andersen H; Lewis MG; Lauffenburger DA; Alter G; Barouch DH
Nature 2021[Feb]; 590 (7847): 630-634 PMID33276369show ga
Recent studies have reported the protective efficacy of both natural(1) and vaccine-induced(2-7) immunity against challenge with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in rhesus macaques. However, the importance of humoral and cellular immunity for protection against infection with SARS-CoV-2 remains to be determined. Here we show that the adoptive transfer of purified IgG from convalescent rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) protects naive recipient macaques against challenge with SARS-CoV-2 in a dose-dependent fashion. Depletion of CD8(+) T cells in convalescent macaques partially abrogated the protective efficacy of natural immunity against rechallenge with SARS-CoV-2, which suggests a role for cellular immunity in the context of waning or subprotective antibody titres. These data demonstrate that relatively low antibody titres are sufficient for protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques, and that cellular immune responses may contribute to protection if antibody responses are suboptimal. We also show that higher antibody titres are required for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques. These findings have implications for the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and immune-based therapeutic agents.