Use my Search Websuite to scan PubMed, PMCentral, Journal Hosts and Journal Archives, FullText. Kick-your-searchterm to multiple Engines kick-your-query now !>

A dictionary by aggregated review articles of nephrology, medicine and the life sciences Your one-stop-run pathway from word to the immediate pdf of peer-reviewed on-topic knowledge.

10.3390/v13040616 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3390/v13040616 33916702!8067247!33916702     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 235.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 235.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 235.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 235.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 235.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\33916702.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       Viruses 2021 ; 13 (4): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33916702|t=2021. Population Disequilibrium as Promoter of Adaptive Explorations in Hepatitis C Virus |pdf=|usr=}}{{33916702}} gab.com Text Population Disequilibrium as Promoter of Adaptive Explorations in Hepatitis C Virus JO: Viruses http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33916702 #FOAvip Replication of RNA viruses is characterized by exploration of sequence space which facilitates their adaptation to changing environments. It is generally accepted that such exploration takes place mainly in response to positive selection, and that further diversification is boosted by modifications of virus population size, particularly bottleneck events. Our recent results with hepatitis C virus (HCV) have shown that the expansion in sequence space of a viral clone continues despite prolonged replication in a stable cell culture environment. Diagnosis of the expansion was based on the quantification of diversity indices, the occurrence of intra-population mutational waves (variations in mutant frequencies), and greater individual residue variations in mutant spectra than those anticipated from sequence alignments in data banks. In the present report, we review our previous results, and show additionally that mutational waves in amplicons from the NS5A-NS5B-coding region are equally prominent during HCV passage in the absence or presence of the mutagenic nucleotide analogues favipiravir or ribavirin. In addition, by extending our previous analysis to amplicons of the NS3- and NS5A-coding region, we provide further evidence of the incongruence between amino acid conservation scores in mutant spectra from infected patients and in the Los Alamos National Laboratory HCV data banks. We hypothesize that these observations have as a common origin a permanent state of HCV population disequilibrium even upon extensive viral replication in the absence of external selective constraints or changes in population size. Such a persistent disequilibrium-revealed by the changing composition of the mutant spectrum-may facilitate finding alternative mutational pathways for HCV antiviral resistance. The possible significance of our model for other genetically variable viruses is discussed. Twit Text FOAVip Population Disequilibrium as Promoter of Adaptive Explorations in Hepatitis C Virus ????Viruses http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33916702 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33916702 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33916702}}</ref> Population Disequilibrium as Promoter of Adaptive Explorations in Hepatitis C Virus #MMPMID33916702 Garcia-Crespo C; Gallego I; Soria ME; de Avila AI; Martinez-Gonzalez B; Vazquez-Sirvent L; Lobo-Vega R; Moreno E; Gomez J; Briones C; Gregori J; Quer J; Domingo E; Perales C Viruses 2021[Apr]; 13 (4): ä PMID33916702show ga Replication of RNA viruses is characterized by exploration of sequence space which facilitates their adaptation to changing environments. It is generally accepted that such exploration takes place mainly in response to positive selection, and that further diversification is boosted by modifications of virus population size, particularly bottleneck events. Our recent results with hepatitis C virus (HCV) have shown that the expansion in sequence space of a viral clone continues despite prolonged replication in a stable cell culture environment. Diagnosis of the expansion was based on the quantification of diversity indices, the occurrence of intra-population mutational waves (variations in mutant frequencies), and greater individual residue variations in mutant spectra than those anticipated from sequence alignments in data banks. In the present report, we review our previous results, and show additionally that mutational waves in amplicons from the NS5A-NS5B-coding region are equally prominent during HCV passage in the absence or presence of the mutagenic nucleotide analogues favipiravir or ribavirin. In addition, by extending our previous analysis to amplicons of the NS3- and NS5A-coding region, we provide further evidence of the incongruence between amino acid conservation scores in mutant spectra from infected patients and in the Los Alamos National Laboratory HCV data banks. We hypothesize that these observations have as a common origin a permanent state of HCV population disequilibrium even upon extensive viral replication in the absence of external selective constraints or changes in population size. Such a persistent disequilibrium-revealed by the changing composition of the mutant spectrum-may facilitate finding alternative mutational pathways for HCV antiviral resistance. The possible significance of our model for other genetically variable viruses is discussed. |Antiviral Agents/pharmacology[MESH] |COVID-19[MESH] |Cell Line[MESH] |Drug Resistance, Viral/drug effects[MESH] |Hepacivirus/drug effects/*genetics/*physiology[MESH] |Hepatitis C/*virology[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Mutation[MESH] |RNA, Viral[MESH] |Ribavirin/pharmacology[MESH] |Sequence Analysis[MESH] |Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics[MESH]Population Disequilibrium as Promoter of Adaptive Explorations in Hepa(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing