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Molecular Dynamics of Cobalt Protoporphyrin Antagonism of the Cancer Suppressor REV-ERBbeta #MMPMID34071361
Fakih TM; Kurniawan F; Yusuf M; Mudasir M; Tjahjono DH
Molecules 2021[May]; 26 (11): ä PMID34071361show ga
Nuclear receptor REV-ERBbeta is an overexpressed oncoprotein that has been used as a target for cancer treatment. The metal-complex nature of its ligand, iron protoporphyrin IX (Heme), enables the REV-ERBbeta to be used for multiple therapeutic modalities as a photonuclease, a photosensitizer, or a fluorescence imaging agent. The replacement of iron with cobalt as the metal center of protoporphyrin IX changes the ligand from an agonist to an antagonist of REV-ERBbeta. The mechanism behind that phenomenon is still unclear, despite the availability of crystal structures of REV-ERBbeta in complex with Heme and cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP). This study used molecular dynamic simulations to compare the effects of REV-ERBbeta binding to Heme and CoPP, respectively. The initial poses of Heme and CoPP in complex with agonist and antagonist forms of REV-ERBbeta were predicted using molecular docking. The binding energies of each ligand were calculated using the MM/PBSA method. The computed binding affinity of Heme to REV-ERBbeta was stronger than that of CoPP, in agreement with experimental results. CoPP altered the conformation of the ligand-binding site of REV-ERBbeta, disrupting the binding site for nuclear receptor corepressor, which is required for REV-ERBbeta to regulate the transcription of downstream target genes. Those results suggest that a subtle change in the metal center of porphyrin can change the behavior of porphyrin in cancer cell signaling. Therefore, modification of porphyrin-based agents for cancer therapy should be conducted carefully to avoid triggering unfavorable effects.
|Binding Sites[MESH]
|Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods[MESH]
|Cobalt/*chemistry[MESH]
|Heme/chemistry[MESH]
|Humans[MESH]
|Iron/chemistry[MESH]
|Kinetics[MESH]
|Ligands[MESH]
|Metals[MESH]
|Molecular Conformation[MESH]
|Molecular Docking Simulation[MESH]
|Molecular Dynamics Simulation[MESH]
|Neoplasms/*drug therapy[MESH]
|Peptides/chemistry[MESH]
|Photosensitizing Agents/chemistry[MESH]
|Porphyrins/chemistry[MESH]
|Protein Binding[MESH]
|Protoporphyrins/*antagonists & inhibitors[MESH]
|Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism[MESH]