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Measles virus suppresses RIG-I-like receptor activation in dendritic cells via DC-SIGN-mediated inhibition of PP1 phosphatases #MMPMID25011106
Mesman AW; Zijlstra-Willems EM; Kaptein TM; de Swart RL; Davis ME; Ludlow M; Duprex WP; Gack MU; Gringhuis SI; Geijtenbeek TB
Cell Host Microbe 2014[Jul]; 16 (1): 31-42 PMID25011106show ga
Measles virus (MV) is highly infectious and infects dendritic cells (DCs) for viral dissemination. DCs express RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I and Mda5 that sense MV to induce antiviral type I interferon (IFN) responses. Dephosphorylation of RIG-I and Mda5 by PP1 phosphatases is required for their activation. Here we demonstrate that MV suppresses RIG-I and Mda5 dephosphorylation via DC-SIGN signaling. MV binding to DC-SIGN leads to activation of kinase Raf-1, which induced association of the PP1 inhibitor I-1 with GADD34-PP1 holoenzymes, thereby inhibiting the phosphatase activity. As a result, GADD34-PP1 holoenzymes were unable to dephosphorylate RIG-I and Mda5, hence suppressing type I IFN responses and enhancing MV replication. Interference with DC-SIGN signaling allowed activation of RLRs and subsequently suppressed MV infection of DCs. Thus, MV subverts DC-SIGN signaling, leading to inhibition of PP1 phosphatases that control RIG-I and Mda5 activation, which might be used by other viruses to escape antiviral responses.