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A Hospital-Based Study of the Clinical Characteristics of Clostridium difficile Infection in Children #MMPMID25361022
Crews JD; Koo HL; Jiang ZD; Starke JR; DuPont HL
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014[Sep]; 33 (9): 924-8 PMID25361022show ga
Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an increasingly important cause of morbidity in hospitalized children. We describe the recent epidemiology of pediatric CDI at a children?s hospital, compare community-associated (CA) and hospital-associated (HA) infections, and identify risk factors for severe disease. Methods: Children with CDI at Texas Children?s Hospital were identified from February 1, 2011 to October 31, 2011. Severe CDI was defined as the presence of a CDI-related complication or ?2 clinical features: fever, bloody stools, leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, or elevated creatinine. Standard epidemiologic definitions were used. Results: 109 unique patients 1-21 years of age with CDI were identified throughout the study period. The proportions of CA-CDI (41%) and HA-CDI (46%) were similar, while community-onset indeterminate CDI (13%) was less common. Children with malignancy or solid organ transplantation were more likely to have HA-CDI. Conversely, all children with inflammatory bowel disease had CA-CDI. Twenty-three patients (21%) met criteria for severe disease and 8 experienced a CDI-related complication, including 1 death attributable to CDI. On multivariate analysis, the presence of a gastrostomy tube (adjusted odds ratio 3.09; 95% CI 1.07-8.94) and having community-onset indeterminate disease (adjusted odds ratio 4.62; 95% CI 1.28-16.67) were found to be associated with severe CDI. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of pediatric CDI is community-associated and there are clinical differences between children with CA-CDI and HA-CDI. Children with CDI frequently experience severe disease, while complications are uncommon. Early identification and treatment of CDI should be pursued in children with gastrostomy tube and recent hospitalization.