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A protease storm cleaves a cell-cell adhesion molecule in cancer: multiple proteases converge to regulate PTPmu in glioma cells #MMPMID24771611
Phillips-Mason PJ; Craig SE; Brady-Kalnay SM
J Cell Biochem 2014[Sep]; 115 (9): 1609-23 PMID24771611show ga
Cleavage of the cell-cell adhesion molecule, PTP?, occurs in human glioblastoma multiforme brain tumor tissue and glioma cell lines. PTP? cleavage is linked to increased cell motility and growth factor independent survival of glioma cells in vitro. Previously, PTP? was shown to be cleaved by furin in the golgi to generate membrane associated E- (extracellular) and P- (phosphatase) subunits, and by ADAMs and the gamma secretase complex at the plasma membrane. We also identified the presence of additional extracellular and intracellular PTP? fragments in brain tumors. We set out to biochemically analyze PTP? cleavage in cancer cells. We determined that, in addition to the furin-processed form of PTP?, a pool of 200 kDa full-length PTP? exists at the plasma membrane that is cleaved directly by ADAM to generate a larger shed form of the PTP? extracellular segment. Notably, in glioma cells, full-length PTP? is also subject to calpain cleavage, which generates novel PTP? fragments not found in other immortalized cells. We also observed glycosylation and phosphorylation differences in the cancer cells. Our data suggest that an additional serine protease also contributes to PTP? shedding in glioma cells. We hypothesize that a ?protease storm? occurs in cancer cells whereby multiple proteases converge to reduce the presence of cell-cell adhesion molecules at the plasma membrane and to generate protein fragments with unique biological functions. As a consequence, the ?protease storm? could promote the migration and invasion of tumor cells.