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10.1155/2017/2860956

http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1155/2017/2860956
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suck abstract from ncbi


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pmid28348460      Mediators+Inflamm 2017 ; 2017 (�): �
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  • Epac1 Blocks NLRP3 Inflammasome to Reduce IL-1? in Retinal Endothelial Cells and Mouse Retinal Vasculature #MMPMID28348460
  • Jiang Y; Liu L; Curtiss E; Steinle JJ
  • Mediators Inflamm 2017[]; 2017 (�): � PMID28348460show ga
  • Inflammation is an important component of diabetic retinal damage. We previously reported that a novel ?-adrenergic receptor agonist, Compound 49b, reduced Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in retinal endothelial cells (REC) grown in high glucose. Others reported that TLR4 activates high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which has been associated with the NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Thus, we hypothesized that Epac1, a downstream mediator of ?-adrenergic receptors, would block TLR4/HMGB1-mediated stimulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to reduced cleavage of caspase-1 and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1?). We generated vascular specific conditional knockout mice for Epac1 and used REC grown in normal and high glucose treated with an Epac1 agonist and/or NLRP3 siRNA. Protein analyses were done for Epac1, TLR4, HMGB1, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1?. Loss of Epac1 in the mouse retinal vasculature significantly increased all of the inflammatory proteins. Epac1 effectively reduced high glucose-induced increases in TLR4, HMGB1, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1? in REC. Taken together, the data suggest that Epac1 reduces formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome to reduce inflammatory responses in the retinal vasculature.



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