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Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase is activated through a sulfenic acid intermediate at a copper ion entry site #MMPMID28533431
Fetherolf MM; Boyd SD; Taylor AB; Kim HJ; Wohlschlegel JA; Blackburn NJ; Hart PJ; Winge DR; Winkler DD
J Biol Chem 2017[Jul]; 292 (29): 12025-40 PMID28533431show ga
Metallochaperones are a diverse family of trafficking molecules that provide metal ions to protein targets for use as cofactors. The copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (Ccs1) activates immature copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Sod1) by delivering copper and facilitating the oxidation of the Sod1 intramolecular disulfide bond. Here, we present structural, spectroscopic, and cell-based data supporting a novel copper-induced mechanism for Sod1 activation. Ccs1 binding exposes an electropositive cavity and proposed ?entry site? for copper ion delivery on immature Sod1. Copper-mediated sulfenylation leads to a sulfenic acid intermediate that eventually resolves to form the Sod1 disulfide bond with concomitant release of copper into the Sod1 active site. Sod1 is the predominant disulfide bond-requiring enzyme in the cytoplasm, and this copper-induced mechanism of disulfide bond formation obviates the need for a thiol/disulfide oxidoreductase in that compartment.