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Comprehensive, high-resolution binding energy landscapes reveal context dependencies of transcription factor binding #MMPMID29588420
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018[Apr]; 115 (16): E3702-11 PMID29588420show ga
Transcription factors (TFs) are key proteins that bind DNA targets to coordinate gene expression in cells. Understanding how TFs recognize their DNA targets is essential for predicting how variations in regulatory sequence disrupt transcription to cause disease. Here, we develop a high-throughput assay and analysis pipeline capable of measuring binding energies for over one million sequences with high resolution and apply it toward understanding how nucleotides flanking DNA targets affect binding energies for two model yeast TFs. Through systematic comparisons between models trained on these data, we establish that considering dinucleotide (DN) interactions is sufficient to accurately predict binding and further show that sites used by TFs in vivo are both energetically and mutationally distant from the highest affinity sequence.