
| 10.1016/j.optom.2017.10.002
http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.optom.2017.10.002
 C6039587!6039587!29198488
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J+Optom 2018 ; 11 (3): 153-9 Nephropedia Template TP
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Measuring the heterophoria: Agreement between two methods in non-presbyopic and presbyopic patients #MMPMID29198488Cant�-Cerd�n M; Cacho-Mart�nez P; Garc�a-Mu�oz �J Optom 2018[Jul]; 11 (3): 153-9 PMID29198488show ga
Purpose: To establish whether the cover test and von Graefe methods are interchangeable in a non-presbyopic and presbyopic population. Methods: We performed a prospective study on a sample of 127 non-presbyopic subjects between 20 and 45 years old and 56 presbyopic between 40 and 78 years old. Distance and near vision phoria were measured using the von Graefe method (VG) and cover test (CT). We analyzed the significant differences between methods, their correlation and the agreement between them using the Bland and Altman method. Results: For distance vision, heterophoria values for non-presbyopic subjects were ?0.61���1.86? with CT and ?0.88���2.37? with VG, and for presbyopic subjects were ?0.56���1.64? with CT and ?0.85���1.94? with VG. For near vision, CT yielded ?3.02���3.97?, while VG achieved ?3.49���4.70? in non-presbyopic subjects. For presbyopic subjects these values were ?6.05���4.38? with CT and ?6.29���4.19? with VG, respectively. Statistically significant differences between the two methods were observed for all groups analyzed (p�<�0.05), except for near vision in presbyopic subjects (p�>�0.05). Coefficient of agreement for non-presbyopic was �2.97? for distance vision and �6.74? at near. For presbyopic patients, this coefficient was �1.59? for distance and �1.86? for near vision. Conclusion: Cover test and von Graefe methods have a high level of agreement for both distance and near vision when considering presbyopic subjects. For non-presbyopic patients, the level of agreement is very low. Both methods for measuring heterophoria can only be considered interchangeable for presbyopic patients. For clinical purposes, this implies that any method can be used for measuring heterophoria in presbyopic patients.�
  
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