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10.1371/journal.ppat.1007560 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007560 C6364947!6364947!30682165     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=30682165&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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Influenza-induced immune suppression to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by TLR9 |pdf=|usr=}}{{30682165}} gab.com Text Influenza-induced immune suppression to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by TLR9 JO: PLoS Pathog http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30682165 #FOAvip Bacterial lung infections, particularly with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), increase mortality following influenza infection, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that expression of TLR9, a microbial DNA sensor, is increased in murine lung macrophages, dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells and epithelial cells post-influenza infection. TLR9-/- mice did not show differences in handling influenza nor MRSA infection alone. However, TLR9-/- mice have improved survival and bacterial clearance in the lung post-influenza and MRSA dual infection, with no difference in viral load during dual infection. We demonstrate that TLR9 is upregulated on macrophages even when they are not themselves infected, suggesting that TLR9 upregulation is related to soluble mediators. We rule out a role for elevations in interferon-? (IFN?) in mediating the beneficial MRSA clearance in TLR9-/- mice. While macrophages from WT and TLR9-/- mice show similar phagocytosis and bacterial killing to MRSA alone, following influenza infection, there is a marked upregulation of scavenger receptor A and MRSA phagocytosis as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (Inos) and improved bacterial killing that is specific to TLR9-deficient cells. Bone marrow transplant chimera experiments and in vitro experiments using TLR9 antagonists suggest TLR9 expression on non-hematopoietic cells, rather than the macrophages themselves, is important for regulating myeloid cell function. Interestingly, improved bacterial clearance post-dual infection was restricted to MRSA, as there was no difference in the clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Taken together these data show a surprising inhibitory role for TLR9 signaling in mediating clearance of MRSA that manifests following influenza infection. Twit Text FOAVip Influenza-induced immune suppression to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by TLR9 ????PLoS Pathog http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30682165 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30682165 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|30682165}}</ref> Influenza-induced immune suppression to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by TLR9 #MMPMID30682165 Martínez-Colón GJ; Warheit-Niemi H; Gurczynski SJ; Taylor QM; Wilke CA; Podsiad AB; Crespo J; Bhan U; Moore BB PLoS Pathog 2019[Jan]; 15 (1): ä PMID30682165show ga Bacterial lung infections, particularly with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), increase mortality following influenza infection, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that expression of TLR9, a microbial DNA sensor, is increased in murine lung macrophages, dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells and epithelial cells post-influenza infection. TLR9-/- mice did not show differences in handling influenza nor MRSA infection alone. However, TLR9-/- mice have improved survival and bacterial clearance in the lung post-influenza and MRSA dual infection, with no difference in viral load during dual infection. We demonstrate that TLR9 is upregulated on macrophages even when they are not themselves infected, suggesting that TLR9 upregulation is related to soluble mediators. We rule out a role for elevations in interferon-? (IFN?) in mediating the beneficial MRSA clearance in TLR9-/- mice. While macrophages from WT and TLR9-/- mice show similar phagocytosis and bacterial killing to MRSA alone, following influenza infection, there is a marked upregulation of scavenger receptor A and MRSA phagocytosis as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (Inos) and improved bacterial killing that is specific to TLR9-deficient cells. Bone marrow transplant chimera experiments and in vitro experiments using TLR9 antagonists suggest TLR9 expression on non-hematopoietic cells, rather than the macrophages themselves, is important for regulating myeloid cell function. Interestingly, improved bacterial clearance post-dual infection was restricted to MRSA, as there was no difference in the clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Taken together these data show a surprising inhibitory role for TLR9 signaling in mediating clearance of MRSA that manifests following influenza infection. äInfluenza-induced immune suppression to methicillin-resistant Staphylo(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing